Giải bài 2.8 trang 38 SGK Toán 8 - Cùng khám phá

Đề bài

Rút gọn các phân thức sau:

a)     \(\frac{{4{x^4}{y^3}{z^2}}}{{12{x^2}{y^4}{z^3}}}\)

b)    \(\frac{{25x{y^3}\left( {x - y} \right)}}{{15{x^2}y{{\left( {x - y} \right)}^4}}}\)

c)     \(\frac{{xy - 2x}}{{2{x^2} - {x^2}y}}\)

d)    \(\frac{{{x^2} + xy - x - y}}{{{x^2} - xy - x + y}}\)

Lời giải chi tiết

a)     \(\frac{{4{x^4}{y^3}{z^2}}}{{12{x^2}{y^4}{z^3}}}:4{x^2}{y^3}{z^2} = \frac{{\left( {4{x^4}{y^3}{z^2}} \right):4{x^2}{y^3}{z^2}}}{{\left( {12{x^2}{y^4}{z^3}} \right):4{x^2}{y^3}{z^2}}} = \frac{{{x^2}}}{{3yz}}\)

b)    \(\frac{{25x{y^3}\left( {x - y} \right)}}{{15{x^2}y{{\left( {x - y} \right)}^4}}} = \frac{{25x{y^3}\left( {x - y} \right)}}{{15{x^2}y{{\left( {x - y} \right)}^4}}}:\left( {5xy.\left( {x - y} \right)} \right) = \frac{{\left( {25x{y^3}\left( {x - y} \right)} \right):\left( {5xy.\left( {x - y} \right)} \right)}}{{15{x^2}y{{\left( {x - y} \right)}^4}:\left( {5xy.\left( {x - y} \right)} \right)}} = \frac{{5{y^2}}}{{3x{{\left( {x - y} \right)}^3}}}\)

c)     \(\frac{{xy - 2x}}{{2{x^2} - {x^2}y}} = \frac{{ - \left( {2x - xy} \right)}}{{\left( {2x.x - xy.y} \right)}}:\left( {2x - xy} \right) = \frac{{ - \left( {2x - xy} \right):\left( {2x - xy} \right)}}{{\left( {2x - xy} \right)\left( {x - y} \right):\left( {2x - xy} \right)}} = \frac{{ - 1}}{{\left( {x - y} \right)}}\)

d)    \(\frac{{{x^2} + xy - x - y}}{{{x^2} - xy - x + y}} = \frac{{\left( {{x^2} - x} \right) + \left( {xy - y} \right)}}{{\left( {{x^2} - x} \right) - \left( {xy - y} \right)}} = \frac{{x\left( {x - 1} \right) + y\left( {x - 1} \right)}}{{x\left( {x - 1} \right) - y\left( {x - 1} \right)}} = \frac{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}}{{\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}}:\left( {x - 1} \right) = \frac{{x + y}}{{x - y}}\)