Unit 16: The wonders of the world - Language Focus

Cấu trúc câu bị động dạng: It is said that....../People say that.....

It is said that...../People say that.... đều có chung một ý nghĩa: "Người ta tin rằng/cho rằng/nghĩ rằng...."

Để viết câu có nghĩa giống với câu gốc bắt đầu bằng "It is said that.../People say that... ta có các cách viết sau:

• Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề đầu và mệnh đề thứ hai cùng thì, cùng thời điểm ta đưa động từ thứ hai về nguyên mẫu có "to"

It + be + V1(ed/III) + that + S2 + V2 (s/es)…………………………..

=> S2 + be + V1(ed/III) + to + V2 (infinitive) …………………….

• Ex: It is said that many people are jobless after closing the factory. ---> Many people are said to be jobless after closing the factory.

S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2………………………

=> S2 + be + V1(ed/III) + to + V2(infinitive) ………………………..

• Ex: People say that smoking causes cancer. ---> Smoking is said to cause cancer.

• Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề thứ hai diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước hành động của động từ trong mệnh đề thứ nhất, ta chuyển động từ trong mệnh đề thứ hai về quá khứ phân từ rồi thêm "to have" vào trước

It + is + V1(ed/III) + that + S2 + V2(ed)………………………………………………..
=> S2 + is + V1(ed/III) + to have + V2(ed/III)……………………………………….

Ex: It is said that you were in Paris then.---> You are said to have been in Paris then.

• S1 + V1 + that +S2 + V2(ed) …………………………

  => S2 + be + V1(ed/III) + to have + V2(ed/III) ………………………………………………

Ex: People say that he wrote poetry. --->  He is said to have written poetry.

• Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề thứ nhất ở thì hiện tại đơn mà động từ ở mệnh đề thứ hai ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn, ta đưa động từ tobe trong mệnh đề thứ hai về nguyên mẫu đứng trước V-ing.

It + is + V1(ed/III)/ S1 + V1 + that + S2 + Be + V-ing …………………….
=> S2  + be + V1(ed/III) + to + be + V-ing ………………………………

• Ex: It is said that/ People say that he is living a simple life.---> He is said to be living a simple life.
• Nếu trong mệnh đề thứ hai có động từ khiếm khuyết (will, can, could,...) ta bỏ động từ khiếm khuyết đó rồi thêm "to" vào trước động từ.

It + is + V1(ed/III)/ S1 + V1 + that + S2 + Modal verbs + V2 + …………………….

=> S2  + be + V1(ed/III) + to + V2 + …………………………………………

Ex: It was thought / People thought that she would win the race. ---> She was thought to win the race.

Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it. (Viết lại mỗi câu dưới đây sao cho nghĩa của chúng giống với nghĩa của câu đã cho.)

1. It is said that many people are homeless after the floods.
2. It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall.
3. It is believed that he drove through the town at 90km an hour.
4. It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident.
5. It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion.
6. It is expected that the strike will begin tomorrow.
7. It is said that he speaks English very well.

Guide to answer

1. Many people are said to be homeless after the floods.
2. The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.
3. He is believed to have driven through the town at 90km an hour.
4. Two people are reported to have been seriously injured in the accident.
5. Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion.
6. The strike is expected to begin tomorrow.
7. He is said to speak English very well.

Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it. (Viết lại những câu bên dưới sao cho nghĩa của nó giống với câu đã cho.)

1. People think that he is very clever.
2. People believe that the wanted man is living in New York.
3. People know that he is very rich.
4. People suppose that the film is very good.
5. People think that many people were killed in the accident.
6. People think that about a million puppies are born each year.
7. People say that the factories are much worse.
8. People say that those dogs are dangerous.

Guide to answer

1. He is thought to be very clever.
2. The wanted man is believed to be living in the New York.
3. He is known to be very rich.
4. The film is supposed to be very good.
5. Many people are thought to have been killed in the accident.
6. About a million puppies are thought to be born each year.
7. The factories are said to be much worse.
8. Those dogs are said to be dangerous.

1. People know that he is armed.

He ____________________________________________________

2. It is believed that the man was killed by terrorists.

The man _______________________________________________

3. People think that the company is planning a new advertising campaign.

The company ___________________________________________

4. It was reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.

The President ____________________________________________

5. It is alleged that the man was driving at 110 miles an hour.

The man ________________________________________________

6. People know that the expedition reached the South Pole in May.

The expedition ___________________________________________

7. It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them.

There __________________________________________________

8. People consider that she was the best singer that Australia has ever produced.

She ____________________________________________________

9. It is expected that the weather will be good tomorrow.

The weather ______________________________________________

10. A lot of people believe that the Prime Minister and his wife have separated.

The Prime Minister and his wife _______________________________

Key

1. He is known to be armed.
2. The man is believed to have been killed by terrorists.
3. The company is thought to be planning a new advertising campaign.
4. The President was reported to have suffered a heart attack.
5. The man is alleged to have been driving at 110 miles an hour.
6. The expedition is known to have reached the South Pole in May.
7. There is said to be a secret tunnel between them.
8. She is considered to have been the best singer that Australia has ever produced.
9. The weather is expected to be good tomorrow. 
10. The Prime Minister and his wife are believed to have separated.

Cấu trúc câu bị động dạng: It is said that....../People say that.....

It is said that...../People say that.... đều có chung một ý nghĩa: "Người ta tin rằng/cho rằng/nghĩ rằng...."

Để viết câu có nghĩa giống với câu gốc bắt đầu bằng "It is said that.../People say that... ta có các cách viết sau:

• Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề đầu và mệnh đề thứ hai cùng thì, cùng thời điểm ta đưa động từ thứ hai về nguyên mẫu có "to"

It + be + V1(ed/III) + that + S2 + V2 (s/es)…………………………..

=> S2 + be + V1(ed/III) + to + V2 (infinitive) …………………….

• Ex: It is said that many people are jobless after closing the factory. ---> Many people are said to be jobless after closing the factory.

S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2………………………

=> S2 + be + V1(ed/III) + to + V2(infinitive) ………………………..

• Ex: People say that smoking causes cancer. ---> Smoking is said to cause cancer.

• Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề thứ hai diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước hành động của động từ trong mệnh đề thứ nhất, ta chuyển động từ trong mệnh đề thứ hai về quá khứ phân từ rồi thêm "to have" vào trước

It + is + V1(ed/III) + that + S2 + V2(ed)………………………………………………..
=> S2 + is + V1(ed/III) + to have + V2(ed/III)……………………………………….

Ex: It is said that you were in Paris then.---> You are said to have been in Paris then.

• S1 + V1 + that +S2 + V2(ed) …………………………

  => S2 + be + V1(ed/III) + to have + V2(ed/III) ………………………………………………

Ex: People say that he wrote poetry. --->  He is said to have written poetry.

• Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề thứ nhất ở thì hiện tại đơn mà động từ ở mệnh đề thứ hai ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn, ta đưa động từ tobe trong mệnh đề thứ hai về nguyên mẫu đứng trước V-ing.

It + is + V1(ed/III)/ S1 + V1 + that + S2 + Be + V-ing …………………….
=> S2  + be + V1(ed/III) + to + be + V-ing ………………………………

• Ex: It is said that/ People say that he is living a simple life.---> He is said to be living a simple life.
• Nếu trong mệnh đề thứ hai có động từ khiếm khuyết (will, can, could,...) ta bỏ động từ khiếm khuyết đó rồi thêm "to" vào trước động từ.

It + is + V1(ed/III)/ S1 + V1 + that + S2 + Modal verbs + V2 + …………………….

=> S2  + be + V1(ed/III) + to + V2 + …………………………………………

Ex: It was thought / People thought that she would win the race. ---> She was thought to win the race.

Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it. (Viết lại mỗi câu dưới đây sao cho nghĩa của chúng giống với nghĩa của câu đã cho.)

1. It is said that many people are homeless after the floods.
2. It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall.
3. It is believed that he drove through the town at 90km an hour.
4. It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident.
5. It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion.
6. It is expected that the strike will begin tomorrow.
7. It is said that he speaks English very well.

Guide to answer

1. Many people are said to be homeless after the floods.
2. The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.
3. He is believed to have driven through the town at 90km an hour.
4. Two people are reported to have been seriously injured in the accident.
5. Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion.
6. The strike is expected to begin tomorrow.
7. He is said to speak English very well.

Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it. (Viết lại những câu bên dưới sao cho nghĩa của nó giống với câu đã cho.)

1. People think that he is very clever.
2. People believe that the wanted man is living in New York.
3. People know that he is very rich.
4. People suppose that the film is very good.
5. People think that many people were killed in the accident.
6. People think that about a million puppies are born each year.
7. People say that the factories are much worse.
8. People say that those dogs are dangerous.

Guide to answer

1. He is thought to be very clever.
2. The wanted man is believed to be living in the New York.
3. He is known to be very rich.
4. The film is supposed to be very good.
5. Many people are thought to have been killed in the accident.
6. About a million puppies are thought to be born each year.
7. The factories are said to be much worse.
8. Those dogs are said to be dangerous.

1. People know that he is armed.

He ____________________________________________________

2. It is believed that the man was killed by terrorists.

The man _______________________________________________

3. People think that the company is planning a new advertising campaign.

The company ___________________________________________

4. It was reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.

The President ____________________________________________

5. It is alleged that the man was driving at 110 miles an hour.

The man ________________________________________________

6. People know that the expedition reached the South Pole in May.

The expedition ___________________________________________

7. It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them.

There __________________________________________________

8. People consider that she was the best singer that Australia has ever produced.

She ____________________________________________________

9. It is expected that the weather will be good tomorrow.

The weather ______________________________________________

10. A lot of people believe that the Prime Minister and his wife have separated.

The Prime Minister and his wife _______________________________

Key

1. He is known to be armed.
2. The man is believed to have been killed by terrorists.
3. The company is thought to be planning a new advertising campaign.
4. The President was reported to have suffered a heart attack.
5. The man is alleged to have been driving at 110 miles an hour.
6. The expedition is known to have reached the South Pole in May.
7. There is said to be a secret tunnel between them.
8. She is considered to have been the best singer that Australia has ever produced.
9. The weather is expected to be good tomorrow. 
10. The Prime Minister and his wife are believed to have separated.