Unit 1: Friendship - Language Focus
1.1 Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 1 Lớp 11
Luyện phát âm /dʒ/ và /tʃ/
1.2 Grammar Language Focus Unit 1 Lớp 11
The infinitive (Động từ nguyên mẫu)
1.2.1. Infinitive with "to" (động từ nguyên mẫu có "to")
Ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có "to" trong một số trường hợp sau:
a. Phần lớn các động từ có các động từ khác đi theo sau có cấu trúc là "động từ + to + động từ nguyên mẫu" như trường hợp các động từ dưới đây:
- agree
- refuse
- promise
- threaten
- offer
- attemp
- manage
- arrange
- decide
- plan
- tend
- fail
- appear
- seem
- hope
- afford
- forget
- learn (how)
- dare
- pretend
Ví dụ
- He agreed to help me.
- She failed to understand him.
- They afforded to buy a house after their marriage.
b. Sau các động từ dưới đây ta có thể dùng từ nghi vấn (what/how/where/when...) + to + động từ nguyên mẫu.
- remember
- know
- forget
- decide
- explain
- ask
- understand
Ví dụ
- Have you decided where to stay?
- I don't know whether to stay or to go?
- The teacher explained how to use the computer.
c.
want
ask
expect
help
Đối với những động từ trên ta có thể dùng hai cấu trúc như sau
động từ + to + động từ nguyên mẫu
- She wanted to go to home.
- They asked to use the telephone.
động từ + tân ngữ + to + động từ nguyên mẫu
- She asked Mary to help her.
- We expected mom to buy us a lot of presents.
- They wanted me to stay with them.
d. Dùng cấu trúc động từ + tân ngữ + to + động từ nguyên mẫu với những động từ sau
- tell
- order
- remind
- warn
- force
- invite
- enable
- teach (how)
- persuade
- get (=persuade)
Ví dụ
- He forced me to go.
- We invited him to go to the party.
- He taught us how to repair the bicycle.
1.2.2. Infinitive without to (Động từ nguyên mẫu không "to")
Ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu không "to" trong các trường hợp sau đây
a. Động từ đứng sau các động từ tình thái (can, could, may, might, should,...)
- She can sing very beautifully.
- She may be late.
- We should stay at home.
b. Make and Let
- Các động từ này có cấu trúc động từ + tân ngữ + động từ nguyên mẫu không "to"
Ví dụ
- The cold weather made me feel depressed.
- They made me do it.
- Why don't you let him go?
c. Động từ nguyên mẫu không "to" cũng được dùng trong câu mệnh lệnh ở dạng khẳng định
- Go to the board!
- Stay at home!
- Smile!
1.3 Exercise Language Focus Unit 1 Lớp 11
a. Exercise 1 Language Focus Unit 1
Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, writing the main verb in the present simple and making the other an infinitive with to. (Đặt các từ đúng thứ tự để tạo thành các câu, viết động từ chính ở thì hiện tại đơn và động từ khác dưới hình thức nguyên mẫu có "to".)
1. who something eat want?
2. letters I write some have.
3. delighted hear I be the news.
4. my shopping some mother do have.
5. always much talk have you too about.
6. lovely see it again you be.
7. out cold it go too be.
8. passed exams know happy I be that you have the.
Guide to answer
1. Who wants something to eat?
2. I have some letters to write.
3. I am delighted to hear the news.
4. My mother has some shopping to do.
5. You always have too much to talk about.
6. It's lovely to see you again.
7. It's too cold to go out.
8. I'm happy to know that you have passed the exams.
b. Exercise 2 Language Focus Unit 1
Rewrite the sentences, using the words given in brackets. (Viết lại câu, sử dụng các từ cho sẵn trong ngoặc.)
1. They got out of the car. (The polited watched)
2. They allowed him to write a letter to his wife. (They let)
3. They talked in the next room. (I heard)
4. The customs officer told him to open the briefcase. (The customs officer made)
5. The cat jumped throught the window. (The boy saw)
6. Maybe the company will ask him to pay some extra money. (Do you think the company will make)
7. The animal moved towards me, I felt it. (I felt)
8. She wants to go for a picnic. (Do you think her parents will let)
Guide to answer
1. The police watched them get out of the car.
2. They let him write a letter to his wife.
3. I heard them talk in the next room.
4. The customs officer made him open the briefcase.
5. The boy saw the cat jump through the window.
6. Do you think the company will make him pay some extra money?
7. I felt the animal move toward me.
8. Do you think her parents will let her go on a picnic?
2. Rewrite the sentence or join the pairs of sentences beginning with the word(s) given, using infinitive with to and without to
1. He worked out the answer. It was clever of him.
2. When we finally heard that David had arrived. We were very relieved.
3. Why have you thrown up your job? You're mad.
4. Jimmy got into his car and drove away. I saw this.
5. It is disappointing that we haven't heard from Molly.
6. Contacting her at work is usually quite easy.
7. Can you sign the papers please? They are ready now.
8. Mr. Pinchley doesn’t allow his teenage children to go out in the evenings.
9. Harry couldn’t get his parents’ permission to buy a motorbike.
10. We can’t possibly work in this noise.
Key
1. It was clever of him to work out the answer.
2. We were relieved to hear that David had arrived.
3. You are mad to throw up your job.
4. I saw Jimmy get into his car and drive away.
5. We are disappointed not to hear from Molly.
6. She is usually quite easy to contact at work.
7. The papers are ready for you to sign.
8. Mr. Pinchley makes his teenage children stay home in the evenings.
9. Harry’s parents didn’t let him buy a motorbike.
10. It’s impossible for us to work in this noise.
1.1 Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 1 Lớp 11
Luyện phát âm /dʒ/ và /tʃ/
1.2 Grammar Language Focus Unit 1 Lớp 11
The infinitive (Động từ nguyên mẫu)
1.2.1. Infinitive with "to" (động từ nguyên mẫu có "to")
Ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có "to" trong một số trường hợp sau:
a. Phần lớn các động từ có các động từ khác đi theo sau có cấu trúc là "động từ + to + động từ nguyên mẫu" như trường hợp các động từ dưới đây:
- agree
- refuse
- promise
- threaten
- offer
- attemp
- manage
- arrange
- decide
- plan
- tend
- fail
- appear
- seem
- hope
- afford
- forget
- learn (how)
- dare
- pretend
Ví dụ
- He agreed to help me.
- She failed to understand him.
- They afforded to buy a house after their marriage.
b. Sau các động từ dưới đây ta có thể dùng từ nghi vấn (what/how/where/when...) + to + động từ nguyên mẫu.
- remember
- know
- forget
- decide
- explain
- ask
- understand
Ví dụ
- Have you decided where to stay?
- I don't know whether to stay or to go?
- The teacher explained how to use the computer.
c.
want
ask
expect
help
Đối với những động từ trên ta có thể dùng hai cấu trúc như sau
động từ + to + động từ nguyên mẫu
- She wanted to go to home.
- They asked to use the telephone.
động từ + tân ngữ + to + động từ nguyên mẫu
- She asked Mary to help her.
- We expected mom to buy us a lot of presents.
- They wanted me to stay with them.
d. Dùng cấu trúc động từ + tân ngữ + to + động từ nguyên mẫu với những động từ sau
- tell
- order
- remind
- warn
- force
- invite
- enable
- teach (how)
- persuade
- get (=persuade)
Ví dụ
- He forced me to go.
- We invited him to go to the party.
- He taught us how to repair the bicycle.
1.2.2. Infinitive without to (Động từ nguyên mẫu không "to")
Ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu không "to" trong các trường hợp sau đây
a. Động từ đứng sau các động từ tình thái (can, could, may, might, should,...)
- She can sing very beautifully.
- She may be late.
- We should stay at home.
b. Make and Let
- Các động từ này có cấu trúc động từ + tân ngữ + động từ nguyên mẫu không "to"
Ví dụ
- The cold weather made me feel depressed.
- They made me do it.
- Why don't you let him go?
c. Động từ nguyên mẫu không "to" cũng được dùng trong câu mệnh lệnh ở dạng khẳng định
- Go to the board!
- Stay at home!
- Smile!
1.3 Exercise Language Focus Unit 1 Lớp 11
a. Exercise 1 Language Focus Unit 1
Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, writing the main verb in the present simple and making the other an infinitive with to. (Đặt các từ đúng thứ tự để tạo thành các câu, viết động từ chính ở thì hiện tại đơn và động từ khác dưới hình thức nguyên mẫu có "to".)
1. who something eat want?
2. letters I write some have.
3. delighted hear I be the news.
4. my shopping some mother do have.
5. always much talk have you too about.
6. lovely see it again you be.
7. out cold it go too be.
8. passed exams know happy I be that you have the.
Guide to answer
1. Who wants something to eat?
2. I have some letters to write.
3. I am delighted to hear the news.
4. My mother has some shopping to do.
5. You always have too much to talk about.
6. It's lovely to see you again.
7. It's too cold to go out.
8. I'm happy to know that you have passed the exams.
b. Exercise 2 Language Focus Unit 1
Rewrite the sentences, using the words given in brackets. (Viết lại câu, sử dụng các từ cho sẵn trong ngoặc.)
1. They got out of the car. (The polited watched)
2. They allowed him to write a letter to his wife. (They let)
3. They talked in the next room. (I heard)
4. The customs officer told him to open the briefcase. (The customs officer made)
5. The cat jumped throught the window. (The boy saw)
6. Maybe the company will ask him to pay some extra money. (Do you think the company will make)
7. The animal moved towards me, I felt it. (I felt)
8. She wants to go for a picnic. (Do you think her parents will let)
Guide to answer
1. The police watched them get out of the car.
2. They let him write a letter to his wife.
3. I heard them talk in the next room.
4. The customs officer made him open the briefcase.
5. The boy saw the cat jump through the window.
6. Do you think the company will make him pay some extra money?
7. I felt the animal move toward me.
8. Do you think her parents will let her go on a picnic?
2. Rewrite the sentence or join the pairs of sentences beginning with the word(s) given, using infinitive with to and without to
1. He worked out the answer. It was clever of him.
2. When we finally heard that David had arrived. We were very relieved.
3. Why have you thrown up your job? You're mad.
4. Jimmy got into his car and drove away. I saw this.
5. It is disappointing that we haven't heard from Molly.
6. Contacting her at work is usually quite easy.
7. Can you sign the papers please? They are ready now.
8. Mr. Pinchley doesn’t allow his teenage children to go out in the evenings.
9. Harry couldn’t get his parents’ permission to buy a motorbike.
10. We can’t possibly work in this noise.
Key
1. It was clever of him to work out the answer.
2. We were relieved to hear that David had arrived.
3. You are mad to throw up your job.
4. I saw Jimmy get into his car and drive away.
5. We are disappointed not to hear from Molly.
6. She is usually quite easy to contact at work.
7. The papers are ready for you to sign.
8. Mr. Pinchley makes his teenage children stay home in the evenings.
9. Harry’s parents didn’t let him buy a motorbike.
10. It’s impossible for us to work in this noise.