Unit 10: Endangered Species - Language Focus
1. Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 10 Lớp 12
Rhythm (Ngữ điệu)
- Ngữ điệu là từ dùng để chỉ cách nhấn các âm tiết trong văn nói. Trong câu, chúng ta thường nhấn mạnh danh từ, động từ thường, tính từ và trạng từ; ít nhấn mạnh đại từ, từ hạn định, giới từ, liên từ và trợ động từ.
- Example
She was SURE that the BACK of the CAR had been DAMaged.
I'm GOing HOME toDAY for CHRISTmas.
Practise reading the following sentences, paying attention to the stressed syllables.
(Luyện đọc những câu sau, chú đến đến những âm tiết có trọng âm)
- Tell me the time.
- Show me the way.
- He bought some carrots and cabbages.
- Come for a swim.
- Look at the clock on mantelpiece.
- I think he wants to go tomorrow.
- It's not the one I want.
- Most of them have arrived on the bus.
- Walk down the path to the end of the canal.
- I'm going home today for Christmas.
- A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
- If you don't have the best, make the best of what you have.
2. Grammar Language Focus Unit 10 Lớp 12
Modal verbs: may, might, must, mustn't, needn't
- May & might
May & might được dùng để diễn đạt điều gì đó có thể là thật hoặc có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Trong trường hợp này, might không phải là dạng quá khứ của may. Cả may và might đều được dùng để nói về hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Tuy nhiên, khi được dùng để dự đoán về khả năng một điều gì đó có thể xảy ra, may hàm ý cơ hội xảy ra lớn hơn, chắc chắn hơn might.
- It may/might be a bomb. (Có thể đó là một quả bom)
- I may go to London next month. (cơ hội 50%)/ My family might come with me. (cơ hội 30%)
May & might được dùng để xin phép trong lối nói trang trọng. Might được dùng chủ yếu trong các cấu trúc nghi vấn gián tiếp và ít phổ biến.
- May I turn the TV on?
- I wonder if I might have a little more cheese.
May/ might + be + V-ing: diễn đạt điều gì đó có thể đang diễn ra.
- That man may/might be watching us. (= Perhaps he is watching us.)
May/ might + have + V-ed/III: diễn đạt điều gì đó có thể xảy ra trong quá khứ hoặc một điều gì đã xảy ra trước một thời điểm trong tương lai.
- Polly's very late. She may have missed her bus. (=It is impossible that she missed...)
Might + have + V-ed/III: cũng được dùng để diễn tả về một điều gì đó đáng lẽ đã xảy ra nhưng đã không xảy ra.
- You were stupid to try climbing up there. You might have killed yourself.(Thật ngốc khi cố leo lên đó. May mà không chết đấy!)
- Must, mustn't & needn't
Must được dùng để diễn đạt sự cần thiết hoặc sự bắt buộc ở hiện tại và tương lai.
Don't tell anybody what I said. You must keep it a secret.
Mustn't được dùng để chỉ sự cấm đoán - nói rằng điều gì đó không nên làm, hoặc bảo ai đừng làm gì.
You mustn't be late for school.
Needn't được dùng để diễn đạt sự không cần thiết ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
We've got plenty of time. We needn't hurry.
3. Exercise Language Focus Unit 10 Lớp 12
3.1. Unit 10 Language Focus Exercise 1
Complete the sentences, using may/might with one verb in the box.
(Hoàn thành các câu, dùng may/might với một động từ trong khung.)
| bite break need rain slip wake |
- Take an umbrella with you when you go out. It might rain later.
- Don’t make too much noise. You …………….the baby up.
- Be careful of that dog. It………….you.
- I don’t think we should throw that letter away. We ………….it later.
- Be careful. The footpath is very icy. You …………………..
- I don’t want the children to play in this room. They ……………..something.
Guide to answer
- Don’t make too much noise. You may/might wake the baby up.
- Be careful of that dog. It may/might bite you.
- I don’t think we should throw that letter away. We may/might need it later.
- Be careful. The footpath is very icy. You may/might slip
- I don’t want the children to play in this room. They may/might break something.
3.2. Unit 10 Language Focus Exercise 2
Complete the sentences, using needn't with one of the verbs in the box.
(Hoàn thành câu, dùng needn't với một trong những động từ trong khung.)
| ask come explain leave tell walk |
- We’ve got plenty of time. We needn’t leave yet.
- I can manage the shopping alone. You …………with me.
- We ……….all the way home. We can get a taxi.
- Just help yourself if you’d like something to eat. You………….first.
- We can keep this a secret between ourselves. We …………anybody else.
- I understand the situation perfectly. You …………….further.
Guide to answer
- I can manage the shopping alone. You needn't come with me.
- We needn't walk all the way home. We can get a taxi.
- Just help yourself if you’d like something to eat. You needn't ask first.
- We can keep this a secret between ourselves. We needn't tell anybody else.
- I understand the situation perfectly. You needn't explain further.
3.3. Unit 10 Language Focus Exercise 3
Complete the sentences with must, mustn’t or needn't.
(Hoàn thành câu với must, mustn’t hoặc needn’t.)
- We haven't got much time. We must hurry.
- We’ve got plenty of time. We needn’t hurry.
- We have enough food at home so we………….go shopping today.
- Jim gave me a letter to post. I……………..remember to post it.
- Jim gave me a letter to post. I…………….forget to post it.
- There’s plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You ……….decide now.
- You………..wash those tomatoes. They’ve already been washed.
- This is a valuable book. You……..…look after it carefully and you …..…lose it.
Guide to answer
- We have enough food at home so we needn't go shopping today.
- Jim gave me a letter to post. I must remember to post it.
- Jim gave me a letter to post. I mustn't forget to post it.
- There’s plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You needn't decide now.
- You needn't wash those tomatoes. They’ve already been washed.
- This is a valuable book. You must look after it carefully and you mustn't lose it.
Choose the best answer
1. You ________ ask a woman about her age. It’s not polite.
A. must
B. need
C. musn’t
D. needn’t
2. I’ll lend you the money and you ________ pay me back till next month.
A. needn’t
B. mustn’t
C. need
D. must
3. Tell her that she ________ be here by six. I insist on it.
A. may
B. must
C. ought to
D. might
4. He has refused, but he _________ change his mind if you asked him again.
A. might
B. may
C. can
D. must
5. Two parallel white lines in the millde road meant that you _________ not overtake.
A. must
B. might
C. may
D. need
6. Peter has been working for 10 hours. He _______ be very tired now.
A. needn't
B. must
C. has to
D. should
7. He is unreliable. What he says _______ be believed.
A. cannot
B. must not
C. may not
D. might not
8. I _______ find my own way there. You _______ wait for me.
A. should / can't
B. have to / must
C. can / needn't
D. might /
mustn't
Key
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. C
1. Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 10 Lớp 12
Rhythm (Ngữ điệu)
- Ngữ điệu là từ dùng để chỉ cách nhấn các âm tiết trong văn nói. Trong câu, chúng ta thường nhấn mạnh danh từ, động từ thường, tính từ và trạng từ; ít nhấn mạnh đại từ, từ hạn định, giới từ, liên từ và trợ động từ.
- Example
She was SURE that the BACK of the CAR had been DAMaged.
I'm GOing HOME toDAY for CHRISTmas.
Practise reading the following sentences, paying attention to the stressed syllables.
(Luyện đọc những câu sau, chú đến đến những âm tiết có trọng âm)
- Tell me the time.
- Show me the way.
- He bought some carrots and cabbages.
- Come for a swim.
- Look at the clock on mantelpiece.
- I think he wants to go tomorrow.
- It's not the one I want.
- Most of them have arrived on the bus.
- Walk down the path to the end of the canal.
- I'm going home today for Christmas.
- A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
- If you don't have the best, make the best of what you have.
2. Grammar Language Focus Unit 10 Lớp 12
Modal verbs: may, might, must, mustn't, needn't
- May & might
May & might được dùng để diễn đạt điều gì đó có thể là thật hoặc có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Trong trường hợp này, might không phải là dạng quá khứ của may. Cả may và might đều được dùng để nói về hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Tuy nhiên, khi được dùng để dự đoán về khả năng một điều gì đó có thể xảy ra, may hàm ý cơ hội xảy ra lớn hơn, chắc chắn hơn might.
- It may/might be a bomb. (Có thể đó là một quả bom)
- I may go to London next month. (cơ hội 50%)/ My family might come with me. (cơ hội 30%)
May & might được dùng để xin phép trong lối nói trang trọng. Might được dùng chủ yếu trong các cấu trúc nghi vấn gián tiếp và ít phổ biến.
- May I turn the TV on?
- I wonder if I might have a little more cheese.
May/ might + be + V-ing: diễn đạt điều gì đó có thể đang diễn ra.
- That man may/might be watching us. (= Perhaps he is watching us.)
May/ might + have + V-ed/III: diễn đạt điều gì đó có thể xảy ra trong quá khứ hoặc một điều gì đã xảy ra trước một thời điểm trong tương lai.
- Polly's very late. She may have missed her bus. (=It is impossible that she missed...)
Might + have + V-ed/III: cũng được dùng để diễn tả về một điều gì đó đáng lẽ đã xảy ra nhưng đã không xảy ra.
- You were stupid to try climbing up there. You might have killed yourself.(Thật ngốc khi cố leo lên đó. May mà không chết đấy!)
- Must, mustn't & needn't
Must được dùng để diễn đạt sự cần thiết hoặc sự bắt buộc ở hiện tại và tương lai.
Don't tell anybody what I said. You must keep it a secret.
Mustn't được dùng để chỉ sự cấm đoán - nói rằng điều gì đó không nên làm, hoặc bảo ai đừng làm gì.
You mustn't be late for school.
Needn't được dùng để diễn đạt sự không cần thiết ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
We've got plenty of time. We needn't hurry.
3. Exercise Language Focus Unit 10 Lớp 12
3.1. Unit 10 Language Focus Exercise 1
Complete the sentences, using may/might with one verb in the box.
(Hoàn thành các câu, dùng may/might với một động từ trong khung.)
| bite break need rain slip wake |
- Take an umbrella with you when you go out. It might rain later.
- Don’t make too much noise. You …………….the baby up.
- Be careful of that dog. It………….you.
- I don’t think we should throw that letter away. We ………….it later.
- Be careful. The footpath is very icy. You …………………..
- I don’t want the children to play in this room. They ……………..something.
Guide to answer
- Don’t make too much noise. You may/might wake the baby up.
- Be careful of that dog. It may/might bite you.
- I don’t think we should throw that letter away. We may/might need it later.
- Be careful. The footpath is very icy. You may/might slip
- I don’t want the children to play in this room. They may/might break something.
3.2. Unit 10 Language Focus Exercise 2
Complete the sentences, using needn't with one of the verbs in the box.
(Hoàn thành câu, dùng needn't với một trong những động từ trong khung.)
| ask come explain leave tell walk |
- We’ve got plenty of time. We needn’t leave yet.
- I can manage the shopping alone. You …………with me.
- We ……….all the way home. We can get a taxi.
- Just help yourself if you’d like something to eat. You………….first.
- We can keep this a secret between ourselves. We …………anybody else.
- I understand the situation perfectly. You …………….further.
Guide to answer
- I can manage the shopping alone. You needn't come with me.
- We needn't walk all the way home. We can get a taxi.
- Just help yourself if you’d like something to eat. You needn't ask first.
- We can keep this a secret between ourselves. We needn't tell anybody else.
- I understand the situation perfectly. You needn't explain further.
3.3. Unit 10 Language Focus Exercise 3
Complete the sentences with must, mustn’t or needn't.
(Hoàn thành câu với must, mustn’t hoặc needn’t.)
- We haven't got much time. We must hurry.
- We’ve got plenty of time. We needn’t hurry.
- We have enough food at home so we………….go shopping today.
- Jim gave me a letter to post. I……………..remember to post it.
- Jim gave me a letter to post. I…………….forget to post it.
- There’s plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You ……….decide now.
- You………..wash those tomatoes. They’ve already been washed.
- This is a valuable book. You……..…look after it carefully and you …..…lose it.
Guide to answer
- We have enough food at home so we needn't go shopping today.
- Jim gave me a letter to post. I must remember to post it.
- Jim gave me a letter to post. I mustn't forget to post it.
- There’s plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You needn't decide now.
- You needn't wash those tomatoes. They’ve already been washed.
- This is a valuable book. You must look after it carefully and you mustn't lose it.
Choose the best answer
1. You ________ ask a woman about her age. It’s not polite.
A. must
B. need
C. musn’t
D. needn’t
2. I’ll lend you the money and you ________ pay me back till next month.
A. needn’t
B. mustn’t
C. need
D. must
3. Tell her that she ________ be here by six. I insist on it.
A. may
B. must
C. ought to
D. might
4. He has refused, but he _________ change his mind if you asked him again.
A. might
B. may
C. can
D. must
5. Two parallel white lines in the millde road meant that you _________ not overtake.
A. must
B. might
C. may
D. need
6. Peter has been working for 10 hours. He _______ be very tired now.
A. needn't
B. must
C. has to
D. should
7. He is unreliable. What he says _______ be believed.
A. cannot
B. must not
C. may not
D. might not
8. I _______ find my own way there. You _______ wait for me.
A. should / can't
B. have to / must
C. can / needn't
D. might /
mustn't
Key
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. C