Unit 8: Life in the future - Language Focus

1. Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 8 Lớp 12

Contracted form of auxiliaries (continued)

(Hình thức rút gọn của trợ động từ-tiếp theo)

2. Grammar Language Focus Unit 8 Lớp 12

Prepositions and Articles

(Giới từ và Mạo từ)

Giới từ là từ hoặc nhóm từ thường được dùng trước danh từ hoặc đại từ để chỉ sự liên hệ giữa danh từ hoặc đại từ này với các thành phần khác trong câu. Có các loại giới từ thường gặp như sau:

Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn (prepositions of place): at, on, in, to, from, by, beside, near, over, under, above, below,...

Ví dụ: The train stops at Rome and Venice.

Giới từ chỉ thời gian (prepositions of time): at, in, in, since, for,...

Ví dụ: She gets up at 5 o'clock in the morning.

Giới từ chỉ phương hướng (Prepositions of direction): into, out of, toward,...

Ví dụ: When you come out of the station you will find the bank opposite you.

Ngoài ra, còn có rất nhiều giới từ khác: giới từ chỉ mục đích (for), giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân (for), giới từ chỉ tác nhân hay phương tiện (by, with, on), giới từ chỉ sự đo lường (by)....
Ví dụ: We kept seats for everyone who had paid.
Mạo từ (a/an/the)

Mạo từ bất định (a/an)

thường đứng trước danh từ đếm được số ít để chỉ một người/vật không xác định hoặc người/vật được đề cập đến lần đầu - người nghe không biết chính xác hoặc chưa từng biết về người hay vật đó.

Ví dụ: I wrote the number on an envelope. / The train stopped at a station.

"A/an" còn có thể được dùng để phân loại người hoặc vật - nói người hoặc vật đó thuộc loại, nhóm hoặc kiểu nào.

Ví dụ: The play was a comedy./ My sister is an engineer.

Mạo từ xác định (the)

được dùng trước danh từ (đếm được hoặc không đếm được chỉ người hoặc vật đã xác định hoặc đã được đề cập đến trước đó - người nghe biết (hoặc có thể hiểu) người nói đang đề cập về người nào hay vật nào.

Ví dụ: Whose is the car outside?

"The" được dùng khi dnah từ được xác định bằng cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề theo sau đó.

Ví dụ: Who is the girl in blue?

Lưu ý

Không dùng "the" trước một số danh từ chỉ nơi chốn như: hospital, church, prison, school, college, university khi đề cập đến khái niệm tổng quát.

Dùng "the" khi những nơi này được đề cập đến như một nơi chốn cụ thể. (The school is a mile from here.)

3. Exercise Language Focus Unit 8 Lớp 12

3.1. Unit 8 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 1

Choose the approciate prepositions.

(Chọn giới từ thích hợp)

Luckily, you are in/on time for the meeting.
Many people are dying of/by various types of cancer.
I will not be here next week. I am going to be on/in business in Mexico.
At/In the end of the book, they get married and live happily ever after.
Thank you for everything you’ve done. You are a true friend of/to me.
I can’t believe in/to you. You always let me down.
I have warned you on/about the difficulties you have to face when applying for the job.
Britney Spears is famous by/for her beautiful face and sweet voice.
The bookshop is among/between the chemist’s and the butcher's and across/opposite the library.
Next year, I am going to set married to/with John and we are going to move to Bristol.

Guide to answer

Luckily, you are in time for the meeting.
Many people are dying of various types of cancer.
I will not be here next week. I am going to be on business in Mexico.
At the end of the book, they get married and live happily ever after.
Thank you for everything you’ve done. You are a true friend to me.
I can’t believe in you. You always let me down.
I have warned you about the difficulties you have to face when applying for the job.
Britney Spears is famous for her beautiful face and sweet voice.
The bookshop is between the chemist’s and the butcher's and opposite the library.
Next year, I am going to set married to John and we are going to move to Bristol.

3.2. Unit 8 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 2

Put a/a, the or ø in each space to complete the following sentences.

(Điền a/an, the hay ø vào mỗi chỗ trống để hoàn thành các câu sau)

We went by……………….train to the west of England.
…………..people who live in ………….Scotland are calle………..Scots.
………….Columbus was one of………….first people to cross………..
Davis learned to play………….. violin when he was at……..university.
Did you read………….. book I lent you…………..last week?
Is that ………… present Bill gave you for……….Christmas?
…….. computer has already changed………….our lives dramatically.
there was……….. accident yesterday at ………corner of……….street.
I need ………….time to think about ……..offer you gave me.
…………..little knowledge is……….dangerous thing.

Guide to answer

1. ø
2. ø, ø, ø
3. ø, the, the
4. the, ø
5. the, ø
6. the, ø
7. The, ø
8. an, the, the
9. ø, the
10. ø, a

Choose the best answerPractical exercise

1. She is looking _______ a new place to live because she does not want to depend _______ her parents any more.

a. for / on
b. after / with
c. up / forward
d. at / into

2. I was brought _______ in the countryside by my aunt after my parents had pass _______.

a. on / over
b. for / on
c. on / off
d. up / away

3. Due to industrialization, we have to cope _______ the fact that many species are _______ danger _______ extinction.

a. over / at / for
b. at / upon / over
c. for / on / with
d. with / in / of

4. Boys! Put your toys ______. It is time to go to bed. Don't stay _____ late.

a. off / on
b. away / up
c. down / off
d. around/ for

5. She intended to quit her job to stay _______ home and look _______ her sick mother.

a. in / at
b. at / after
c. for / over
d. up / on

6. He is very worried _______ his new job because he is not quite prepared _______ working.

a. on / over
b. to / off
c. about / for
d. in / at

7. Instead _____ petrol, cars will only run ____ solar energy and electricity.

a. of / on
b. for / by
c. in / over
d. from/ upon

8. She has a promising future ahead _______ her.

a. for
b. from
c. on
d. of

9. What are your plans for _______ future?

a. a
b. an
c. the
d. Ø

10. Up to now, _______ space exploring still remains _______ very risky, complex, and expensive endeavor.

a. the / the
b. a / the
c. a / Ø
d. Ø / a

11. Within _______ few years, _______ private space travel has gone from concept to reality.

a. Ø / an
b. the / the
c. the / a
d. a / Ø

12. With its long days, lack of _______ atmosphere, and wide-open spaces, _______ moon would also make an ideal place to put massive solar power plants.

a. Ø / a
b. an / the
c. the / a
d. an / Ø

13. _______technology is already present in the form of computers, printers, scanners, handheld devices, wireless technologies, and Internet connections.

a. A
b. An
c. The
d. Ø

Key

1. a
2. d
3. d
4. b
5. b
6. c
7. a
8. d
9. c
10. d
11. d
12. b
13. d

1. Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 8 Lớp 12

Contracted form of auxiliaries (continued)

(Hình thức rút gọn của trợ động từ-tiếp theo)

2. Grammar Language Focus Unit 8 Lớp 12

Prepositions and Articles

(Giới từ và Mạo từ)

Giới từ là từ hoặc nhóm từ thường được dùng trước danh từ hoặc đại từ để chỉ sự liên hệ giữa danh từ hoặc đại từ này với các thành phần khác trong câu. Có các loại giới từ thường gặp như sau:

Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn (prepositions of place): at, on, in, to, from, by, beside, near, over, under, above, below,...

Ví dụ: The train stops at Rome and Venice.

Giới từ chỉ thời gian (prepositions of time): at, in, in, since, for,...

Ví dụ: She gets up at 5 o'clock in the morning.

Giới từ chỉ phương hướng (Prepositions of direction): into, out of, toward,...

Ví dụ: When you come out of the station you will find the bank opposite you.

Ngoài ra, còn có rất nhiều giới từ khác: giới từ chỉ mục đích (for), giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân (for), giới từ chỉ tác nhân hay phương tiện (by, with, on), giới từ chỉ sự đo lường (by)....
Ví dụ: We kept seats for everyone who had paid.
Mạo từ (a/an/the)

Mạo từ bất định (a/an)

Ví dụ: I wrote the number on an envelope. / The train stopped at a station.

"A/an" còn có thể được dùng để phân loại người hoặc vật - nói người hoặc vật đó thuộc loại, nhóm hoặc kiểu nào.

Ví dụ: The play was a comedy./ My sister is an engineer.

Mạo từ xác định (the)

Ví dụ: Whose is the car outside?

"The" được dùng khi dnah từ được xác định bằng cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề theo sau đó.

Ví dụ: Who is the girl in blue?

Lưu ý

Không dùng "the" trước một số danh từ chỉ nơi chốn như: hospital, church, prison, school, college, university khi đề cập đến khái niệm tổng quát.

Dùng "the" khi những nơi này được đề cập đến như một nơi chốn cụ thể. (The school is a mile from here.)

3. Exercise Language Focus Unit 8 Lớp 12

3.1. Unit 8 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 1

Choose the approciate prepositions.

(Chọn giới từ thích hợp)

Luckily, you are in/on time for the meeting.
Many people are dying of/by various types of cancer.
I will not be here next week. I am going to be on/in business in Mexico.
At/In the end of the book, they get married and live happily ever after.
Thank you for everything you’ve done. You are a true friend of/to me.
I can’t believe in/to you. You always let me down.
I have warned you on/about the difficulties you have to face when applying for the job.
Britney Spears is famous by/for her beautiful face and sweet voice.
The bookshop is among/between the chemist’s and the butcher's and across/opposite the library.
Next year, I am going to set married to/with John and we are going to move to Bristol.

Guide to answer

Luckily, you are in time for the meeting.
Many people are dying of various types of cancer.
I will not be here next week. I am going to be on business in Mexico.
At the end of the book, they get married and live happily ever after.
Thank you for everything you’ve done. You are a true friend to me.
I can’t believe in you. You always let me down.
I have warned you about the difficulties you have to face when applying for the job.
Britney Spears is famous for her beautiful face and sweet voice.
The bookshop is between the chemist’s and the butcher's and opposite the library.
Next year, I am going to set married to John and we are going to move to Bristol.

3.2. Unit 8 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 2

Put a/a, the or ø in each space to complete the following sentences.

(Điền a/an, the hay ø vào mỗi chỗ trống để hoàn thành các câu sau)

We went by……………….train to the west of England.
…………..people who live in ………….Scotland are calle………..Scots.
………….Columbus was one of………….first people to cross………..
Davis learned to play………….. violin when he was at……..university.
Did you read………….. book I lent you…………..last week?
Is that ………… present Bill gave you for……….Christmas?
…….. computer has already changed………….our lives dramatically.
there was……….. accident yesterday at ………corner of……….street.
I need ………….time to think about ……..offer you gave me.
…………..little knowledge is……….dangerous thing.

Guide to answer

1. ø
2. ø, ø, ø
3. ø, the, the
4. the, ø
5. the, ø
6. the, ø
7. The, ø
8. an, the, the
9. ø, the
10. ø, a

Choose the best answerPractical exercise

1. She is looking _______ a new place to live because she does not want to depend _______ her parents any more.

a. for / on
b. after / with
c. up / forward
d. at / into

2. I was brought _______ in the countryside by my aunt after my parents had pass _______.

a. on / over
b. for / on
c. on / off
d. up / away

3. Due to industrialization, we have to cope _______ the fact that many species are _______ danger _______ extinction.

a. over / at / for
b. at / upon / over
c. for / on / with
d. with / in / of

4. Boys! Put your toys ______. It is time to go to bed. Don't stay _____ late.

a. off / on
b. away / up
c. down / off
d. around/ for

5. She intended to quit her job to stay _______ home and look _______ her sick mother.

a. in / at
b. at / after
c. for / over
d. up / on

6. He is very worried _______ his new job because he is not quite prepared _______ working.

a. on / over
b. to / off
c. about / for
d. in / at

7. Instead _____ petrol, cars will only run ____ solar energy and electricity.

a. of / on
b. for / by
c. in / over
d. from/ upon

8. She has a promising future ahead _______ her.

a. for
b. from
c. on
d. of

9. What are your plans for _______ future?

a. a
b. an
c. the
d. Ø

10. Up to now, _______ space exploring still remains _______ very risky, complex, and expensive endeavor.

a. the / the
b. a / the
c. a / Ø
d. Ø / a

11. Within _______ few years, _______ private space travel has gone from concept to reality.

a. Ø / an
b. the / the
c. the / a
d. a / Ø

12. With its long days, lack of _______ atmosphere, and wide-open spaces, _______ moon would also make an ideal place to put massive solar power plants.

a. Ø / a
b. an / the
c. the / a
d. an / Ø

13. _______technology is already present in the form of computers, printers, scanners, handheld devices, wireless technologies, and Internet connections.

a. A
b. An
c. The
d. Ø