Unit 7: World population - Language Focus

1. Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 7 Lớp 11

Phát âm: /kl/ - /gl/ - /kr/ - /gr/ - /kw/

2. Grammar Language Focus Unit 7 Lớp 11

Conditional types 1 and 2 (revision)
Conditional type 3 (revision)
Conditional in reported speech

2.1. Conditional sentences (Câu điều kiện)

Type:
Type I: Real in the present/future (Có thật ở hiện tại/tương lai)
Main clause:
will/can/should/may + bare infinitive
Present simple : chỉ sự thật, quy luật hoặc thói quen
If clause
Present simple
Type:
Type II: Unreal in the present (Không có thật ở hiện tại)
Main clause: would/could/might + bare infinitive
If clause: Past simple
Type:
Type III: Unreal in the past (Không có thật ở quá khứ)
Main clause: would/could/might + have + past pasticiple (V-ed/III)
If clause: past perfect

Example

If the weather is fine, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.

If I were you, I wouldn't tell her a lie.

If I had studied hard, I coud have passed the exam.

Lưu ý:

Các thì được nêu trong bảng là phần căn bản, ngoài ra có thể sử dụng thêm một số loại thì như: thì tiếp diễn, thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc "be going to" trong mệnh đề có chứa "if".

If you are waiting for a bus, you should join the queue.

If you have finished with the computer, I will put it away.

If I'm going to catch the train, I'll have to leave now.

Nếu thời gian trong mệnh đề điều kiện (If- clause) và thời gian trong mệnh đề chính (Main clause) không giống nhau thì có thể kết hợp điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3.

If I had eaten breakfast this morning, I would not be hungry now.

If I had gone to bed early last night, I would not be tired now.

2.2. Conditional in reported speech (Câu điều kiện dạng tường thuật)

Khi được chuyển sang câu tường thuật, các thì trong câu điều kiện được chuyển đổi theo dạng thông thường như quy tắc chuyển đổi câu tường thuật đã học.
Ví dụ minh họa

"If I catch the plane, I will be home by five." ---> He said that if he caught the plane he would be home by five.

"If I had any money, I would buy you a drink." ---> She said that if she had had/had any money she would have bought/would buy me a drink.

"If she had loved Tom, she wouldn't have left him." ---> He said that if she had loved Tom she wouldn't have left him.

Câu đề nghị, câu mệnh lệnh hoặc yêu cầu, khuyên bảo có chứa mệnh đề if có thể chuyển thành nhiều dạng

"If you feel ill, why don't you go to bed?" ---> She advised me to go to bed if I felt ill./She said that if I felt ill I should go to bed.

Câu có mệnh đề if + câu hỏi thường được thuật lại với mệnh đề if đặt ở cuối câu

"If the door is clocked what shall I do?" ---> She asked that what she should do if the door was clocked.

3. Exercise Language Focus Unit 7 Lớp 11

3.1. Unit 7 Language Focus Exercise 1

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Add 'll/will, or 'd/would if necessary. (Chia các động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng đúng. Thêm 'll/will, hoặc 'd/would nếu cần thiết.)

I (drive) ______ to work if I had a car.
Where in Vietnam would you like to live if you (can) _____ choose?
If the weather (be) ______ good, we will have lunch outside.
If the company offers me a job, I think I (take) _____ it.
Many people would be out of work if that factory (close) ________ down.
If you finish before 4:30, I (come) _____ and pick you up.

Guide to answer

I would drive to work if I had a car.
Where in Vietnam would you like to live if you could choose?
If the weather is good, we will have lunch outside.
If the company offers me a job, I think I will take it.
Many people would be out of work if that factory closed down.
If you finish before 4:30, I will come and pick you up.

3.2. Unit 7 Language Focus Exercise 2

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. (Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng đúng)

They would have paid you more if they (be told)……….of its value.
If I (realise) ………..that Greg wanted to get up early, I would have woken him up.
If you had had breakfast, you (not/be)………….hungry.
If they had had enough money, they (buy)……………that house.
If he (study) ……………harder, he would have passed the exams.

Guide to answer

They would have paid you more if they had been told of its value.
If I had realised that Greg wanted to get up early, I would have woken him up.
If you had had breakfast, you wouldn't have been hungry.
If they had had enough money, they would have bought that house.
If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exams.

3.3. Unit 7 Language Focus Exercise 3

Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech. (Chuyển đổi những câu điều kiện sau sang dạng câu tường thuật)

“I will come to see you if I have time,” the man said to her.
“What would you say if someone stepped on your feet?” he asked her.
“If it doesn’t rain, we will go out with you,” they said to me.
“What would you do if you were a billionaire?” the man asked the woman.
"If you had asked me, I would have lent you my motorbike.” the man said to me.
“They would be very disappointed if you did not come," the man said to his daughter.
“I’m sure they will understand if you explain the situation to them” the boy said to the girl.

Guide to answer

The men told her he would come to see her if he had time.
He asked her what she would say if someone stepped on her feet.
They told me if it didn't rain, they would go out with me.
The man asked the woman what she would do if she were a billionaire.
The man told me if I had asked him, he would have lend me his motorbike.
The man told his daughter the would be very disappointed if she didn't come.
The boy told the girl he was sure they would understand if she explained the situation to them.

Exercise 1 Language Focus Unit 7

Using the given information, make conditional sentences. Use "if"

I don't ride the bus to school every morning because it's always so crowded.
The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn't grow.
Stop talking or you won't understand the lesson.
The wind is blowing hard, so we won't take the boat out for a ride.
Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying.
I feel better now because you talked to me about my problems yesterday.
Because I don't have enough free time, I can't help my mother with the housework.

Key

I would take the bus to school every morning If it wasn't/ weren't always so crowded.
If the school-children hadn't forgotten/ had remembered to water the seeds, they would have grown.
If you don't stop talking, you won't understand the lesson.
If the wind wasn't/ weren't blowing hard, we would take the boat out for a ride.
If Carol hadn't been studying she would have answered the phone.
I wouldn't fee] better now if you hadn't talked to me about my problems yesterday.
If I had more free time, I could help my mother with the housework.

Exercise 2 Language Focus Unit 7

Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech.

'If I had any money I'd buy you a drink,' she said to me.
'If I catch the plane I'll be home by five,' he said.
'You should stay in bed if you feel unwell.' my mother said.
'What would you do if you were having a problem with grammar, Jane?' Anne asked.
'If I'd had my mobile yesterday, I could have contacted you,' Matthew said.
'If I were you, I'd stop smoking,' she said to her brother.
'If you happen to be in our area, drop in and see us,' they said.

Key

They asked me to drop in and see them if I happened to be in their area.
She told me if she had/ had had some money she would buy/ would have bought me a drink.
He said if he caught the plane he would be home by five.
My mother advised inc to stay in bed if I felt unwell./My mother said that if I felt unwell should stay in bed.
Anne asked Jane what she would do/ would have done if she were having/ had been having a problem with grammar.
Matthew said if he'd had his mobile the day before, he could have contacted me.
She advised her brother to stop smoking.

1. Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 7 Lớp 11

Phát âm: /kl/ - /gl/ - /kr/ - /gr/ - /kw/

2. Grammar Language Focus Unit 7 Lớp 11

Conditional types 1 and 2 (revision)
Conditional type 3 (revision)
Conditional in reported speech

2.1. Conditional sentences (Câu điều kiện)

Example

If the weather is fine, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.

If I were you, I wouldn't tell her a lie.

If I had studied hard, I coud have passed the exam.

Lưu ý:

If you are waiting for a bus, you should join the queue.

If you have finished with the computer, I will put it away.

If I'm going to catch the train, I'll have to leave now.

Nếu thời gian trong mệnh đề điều kiện (If- clause) và thời gian trong mệnh đề chính (Main clause) không giống nhau thì có thể kết hợp điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3.

If I had eaten breakfast this morning, I would not be hungry now.

If I had gone to bed early last night, I would not be tired now.

2.2. Conditional in reported speech (Câu điều kiện dạng tường thuật)

Khi được chuyển sang câu tường thuật, các thì trong câu điều kiện được chuyển đổi theo dạng thông thường như quy tắc chuyển đổi câu tường thuật đã học.
Ví dụ minh họa

"If I catch the plane, I will be home by five." ---> He said that if he caught the plane he would be home by five.

"If I had any money, I would buy you a drink." ---> She said that if she had had/had any money she would have bought/would buy me a drink.

"If she had loved Tom, she wouldn't have left him." ---> He said that if she had loved Tom she wouldn't have left him.

Câu đề nghị, câu mệnh lệnh hoặc yêu cầu, khuyên bảo có chứa mệnh đề if có thể chuyển thành nhiều dạng

"If you feel ill, why don't you go to bed?" ---> She advised me to go to bed if I felt ill./She said that if I felt ill I should go to bed.

Câu có mệnh đề if + câu hỏi thường được thuật lại với mệnh đề if đặt ở cuối câu

"If the door is clocked what shall I do?" ---> She asked that what she should do if the door was clocked.

3. Exercise Language Focus Unit 7 Lớp 11

3.1. Unit 7 Language Focus Exercise 1

I (drive) ______ to work if I had a car.
Where in Vietnam would you like to live if you (can) _____ choose?
If the weather (be) ______ good, we will have lunch outside.
If the company offers me a job, I think I (take) _____ it.
Many people would be out of work if that factory (close) ________ down.
If you finish before 4:30, I (come) _____ and pick you up.

Guide to answer

I would drive to work if I had a car.
Where in Vietnam would you like to live if you could choose?
If the weather is good, we will have lunch outside.
If the company offers me a job, I think I will take it.
Many people would be out of work if that factory closed down.
If you finish before 4:30, I will come and pick you up.

3.2. Unit 7 Language Focus Exercise 2

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. (Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng đúng)

They would have paid you more if they (be told)……….of its value.
If I (realise) ………..that Greg wanted to get up early, I would have woken him up.
If you had had breakfast, you (not/be)………….hungry.
If they had had enough money, they (buy)……………that house.
If he (study) ……………harder, he would have passed the exams.

Guide to answer

They would have paid you more if they had been told of its value.
If I had realised that Greg wanted to get up early, I would have woken him up.
If you had had breakfast, you wouldn't have been hungry.
If they had had enough money, they would have bought that house.
If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exams.

3.3. Unit 7 Language Focus Exercise 3

Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech. (Chuyển đổi những câu điều kiện sau sang dạng câu tường thuật)

“I will come to see you if I have time,” the man said to her.
“What would you say if someone stepped on your feet?” he asked her.
“If it doesn’t rain, we will go out with you,” they said to me.
“What would you do if you were a billionaire?” the man asked the woman.
"If you had asked me, I would have lent you my motorbike.” the man said to me.
“They would be very disappointed if you did not come," the man said to his daughter.
“I’m sure they will understand if you explain the situation to them” the boy said to the girl.

Guide to answer

The men told her he would come to see her if he had time.
He asked her what she would say if someone stepped on her feet.
They told me if it didn't rain, they would go out with me.
The man asked the woman what she would do if she were a billionaire.
The man told me if I had asked him, he would have lend me his motorbike.
The man told his daughter the would be very disappointed if she didn't come.
The boy told the girl he was sure they would understand if she explained the situation to them.

Exercise 1 Language Focus Unit 7

Using the given information, make conditional sentences. Use "if"

I don't ride the bus to school every morning because it's always so crowded.
The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn't grow.
Stop talking or you won't understand the lesson.
The wind is blowing hard, so we won't take the boat out for a ride.
Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying.
I feel better now because you talked to me about my problems yesterday.
Because I don't have enough free time, I can't help my mother with the housework.

Key

I would take the bus to school every morning If it wasn't/ weren't always so crowded.
If the school-children hadn't forgotten/ had remembered to water the seeds, they would have grown.
If you don't stop talking, you won't understand the lesson.
If the wind wasn't/ weren't blowing hard, we would take the boat out for a ride.
If Carol hadn't been studying she would have answered the phone.
I wouldn't fee] better now if you hadn't talked to me about my problems yesterday.
If I had more free time, I could help my mother with the housework.

Exercise 2 Language Focus Unit 7

Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech.

'If I had any money I'd buy you a drink,' she said to me.
'If I catch the plane I'll be home by five,' he said.
'You should stay in bed if you feel unwell.' my mother said.
'What would you do if you were having a problem with grammar, Jane?' Anne asked.
'If I'd had my mobile yesterday, I could have contacted you,' Matthew said.
'If I were you, I'd stop smoking,' she said to her brother.
'If you happen to be in our area, drop in and see us,' they said.

Key

They asked me to drop in and see them if I happened to be in their area.
She told me if she had/ had had some money she would buy/ would have bought me a drink.
He said if he caught the plane he would be home by five.
My mother advised inc to stay in bed if I felt unwell./My mother said that if I felt unwell should stay in bed.
Anne asked Jane what she would do/ would have done if she were having/ had been having a problem with grammar.
Matthew said if he'd had his mobile the day before, he could have contacted me.
She advised her brother to stop smoking.