Unit 6: Future Jobs - Language Focus
1. Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 6 Lớp 12
Weak and strong forms of some conjunctions and prepositions.
(Dạng thức đọc nhẹ và nhấn mạnh của một số từ nối và giới từ)
Dưới đây là bảng tổng hợp các phiên âm trong cách đọc của từ nối và giới từ
Conjunction/Preposition
And /ən/ - /ənd/ /ænd/
But /bət/ /bʌt/
That /ðət/ /ðæt/
At / ət/ / æt/
From / frəm/ / frɒm/
Of / əv/ /ɒv/
To /tə/ /tu:/
For / fə/ / fɔ:/
2. Grammar Language Focus Unit 6 Lớp 12
Relative Clauses
(Mệnh đề quan hệ)
1. Defining relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)
- Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là mệnh đề dùng để xác định bổ sung cho danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa.
- Đại từ quan hệ được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
Subject:
For person: who/that
For things: which/that
Object:
For person: who(m)/that
For things: which/that
Possessive:
For things: whose/ of which
For person: whose
Ví dụ minh họa
The woman who/that lives next door is a doctor. (Người phụ nữ sống ở nhà bên là bác sĩ.)
The picture which/that was damaged is worth thousand of pounds. (Bức tranh bị hỏng trị giá hàng ngàn bảng Anh)
I know the name of the man whose car you borrowed yesterday.
- Lưu ý
Dùng "that" mà không dùng "who/which" sau những trường hợp:
hỗn hợp gồm cả người và vật
dạng so sánh nhất
các từ chỉ định lượng như: all, every(thing/one), some(thing/one), any(thing/one), only, little, few, much, none.
Ví dụ: She is one of the kindest people that I know./ We can see farmers and cattle that are going to the field.
- Có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ: whom, which, that và trạng từ when trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
Ví dụ: Paris is a city (which/that) I've always wanted to visit.
2. Non-defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)
- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định là mệnh đề không nhất thiết phải có trong câu, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Mệnh đề này được phân ranh giới với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy (,) hoặc dấu gạch ngang (-).
Đại từ quan hệ sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
Subject:
For person: who/that
For things: which/that
Object:
For person: who(m)/that
For things: which/that
Possessive:
For things: whose/ of which
For person: whose
Ví dụ minh họa
- Harry, who you will meet tomorrow, is also a member of the board. (Harry, người mà bạn sẽ gặp vào ngày mai, là một thành viên của hội đồng quản trị.)
- Bogart starred in the film Casablanca, which was made in 1942. (Bogart đóng vai chính trong phim Casablanca, phim được sản xuất năm 1942.)
- Dr Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. (Tiến sĩ Rowan, thư ký của ông đã thôi việc cách đây 2 tuần, phải tự đánh máy.)
- Lưu ý
Không dùng "that" để giới thiệu mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
Ví dụ: This is Mai, who sells the tickets. Not use "This is Mai, that sells the tickets."
Không được bỏ các đại từ hoặc trạng từ làm tân ngữ "whom, which, when" trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
3. Exercise Language Focus Unit 6 Lớp 12
3.1. Unit 6 Language Focus Exercise 1
Add who, whoever, whose, whom or which to complete the following sentences.
(Thêm who, whoever, whose, whom hoặc which để hoàn thành những câu sau)
- There is one person to………………I owe more than I can say.
- It was the kind of accident for……………..nobody was really to blame.
- ……………..leaves last should turn off the lights.
- Mary was late yesterday,………………was unusual for her.
- At 6.00 pm,……………….was an hour before the plane was due, thick fog descended.
- I don’t know………………told you that, but they were wrong.
- Mrs Brown was the first owner……………..dog won three prizes in the same show.
- I’ve just spoken to Sally,……………..sends you her love.
- On Sunday,……………….was my birthday, we went out for a meal.
- The success of a shared holidav depends on …………………… you share it with.
Guide to answer
1. whom
2. which
3. whoever
4. which
5. which
6. who
7. whose
8. who
9. which
10. whom
3.2. Unit 6 Language Focus Exercise 2
Join the following sentences in two ways.
(Kết hợp câu bằng 2 cách)
Example: Look at the man. He is teaching in the classroom.
--> Look at the man who is teaching in the classroom.
--> Look at the man teaching in the classroom.
Dựa vào ví dụ đã cho ở trên ta tóm gọn được 2 cách để kết hợp câu.
- Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ "who, which, that" để nối câu
- Sử dụng V-ing (đối với câu chủ động) và V-ed/III (đối với câu bị động)
- I read a book. It was written by a friend of mine. (Tôi đọc quyển sách. No được viết bởi một người bạn của tôi.)
- A man got on the bus. He was carrying a lot of money in a box. (Một người đàn ông lên xe buýt. Ông ta mang theo rất nhiều tiền trong túi)
- In the street there were several people. They were waiting for the shop to open. (Có vài người trên đường. Họ đang đợi cửa hàng mở cửa.)
- Britain imports many cars. They were made in Japan. (Anh quốc nhập khẩu nhiều xe hơi. Chúng được sản xuất từ Nhật Bản)
- There are a lot of people in your office. They want to talk to you. (Có rất nhiều người trong công ty bạn. Họ muốn nói chuyện với bạn)
- The cowboy fell off his horse. He had been wounded by an arrow. (Người chăn bò bị ngã từ trên ngựa. Anh ta đã bị thương bởi một mũi tên.)
- Most of the people recovered quickly. They were injured in the crash. (Hầu như mọi người đã phục hồi nhanh chóng. Họ bị thương trong vụ va chạm xe.)
- John looked anxiously at his watch. He wished he hadn’t come to the party. (John nhìn vào đồng hồ đầy vẻ lo lắng. Anh ấy ước rằng đã không đến buổi tiệc.)
- The children were playing football in the schoolyard. They were my students. (Những đứa trẻ đang chơi bóng ở sân trường. Chúng là học sinh của tôi)
- Vietnam exports a lot of rice. It is grown mainly in the south of the country. (Việt Nam xuất khẩu nhiều gạo. Nó được trồng ở miền Nam là chính.)
Guide to answer
1.
- I read a book that was written by a friend of mine.
- I read a book written by a friend of mine.
2.
- A man who was carrying a lot of money in a box got on the bus.
- A man carrying a lot of money in a box got on the bus.
3.
- In the street there were several people who were waiting for the shop to open.
- In the street, there were several people waiting for the shop to open.
4.
- Britain imports many cars which were made in Japan.
- British imports many cars made in Japan.
5.
- In your office there are a lot of people who want to talk to you.
- In your office there are a lot of people wanting to talk to you.
6.
- The cowboy who had been wounded by an arrow fell off his horse
- The cowboy wounded by an arrow fell of his horse.
7.
- Most of the people who were injured in the crash recovered quickly.
- Most of the people injured in the crash recovered quickly.
8.
- John, who wished he hadn’t come to the party, looked anxiously to his watch.
- John, wishing he hadn’t come to the party, looked anxiously to his watch.
9.
- The children who were plavina foootball in the schoolyard were my students.
- The children playing football in the schoolyard were my students.
10.
- Vietnam exports a lot of rice which is grown mainly in the south of the country.
- Vietnam exports a lot of rice grown mainly in the south of the country.
Unit 6 Exercise
Fill the blanks with Relative pronoun or Relative adverbs, put commas when they are needed
1. The book _________ I need can’t be found in the library
2. Here is the beach _________ is the safest for swimmers
3. Do you know the American woman _________ name is Margaret Mitchell?
4. Jim _________ I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends
5. That woman _________ name I don’t remember is a doctor
6. Children enjoy reading the books _________ have coloured pictures
7. The noise _________ he met woke everybody up
8. I know a place _________ roses grow in abundance
9. We must find a time _________ we can meet and a place _________ we can talk
10. The teacher with _________ we studied last year no longer teaches in our school
11. Mr. Brown _________ is only 34 is the director of this company
12. Let me see all the letters _________ you have written
13. Is there anyone _________ can help me do this?
14. Alexander Flemming _________ discovered penicillin received the Nodel Prize in 1945
15. We saw many soldiers and tanks _________ were moving to the front.
Key
1. The book which/that I need can’t be found in the library.
2. Here is the beach which/that is the safest for swimmers.
3. Do you know the American woman whose name is Margaret Mitchell?
4. Jim, whom I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends.
5. That woman, whose name I don’t remember is a doctor.
6. Children enjoy reading the books which/that have coloured pictures.
7. The noise which/that he met woke everybody up.
8. I know a place where roses grow in abundance.
9. We must find a time when we can meet and a place where we can talk.
10. The teacher with whom we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
11. Mr. Brown, who is only 34, is the director of this company.
12. Let me see all the letters which/that you have written.
13. Is there anyone that can help me do this?
14. Alexander Flemming, who discovered penicillin, received the Nodel Prize in 1945.
15. We saw many soldiers and tanks that were moving to the front.
1. Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 6 Lớp 12
Weak and strong forms of some conjunctions and prepositions.
(Dạng thức đọc nhẹ và nhấn mạnh của một số từ nối và giới từ)
Dưới đây là bảng tổng hợp các phiên âm trong cách đọc của từ nối và giới từ
Conjunction/Preposition
And /ən/ - /ənd/ /ænd/
But /bət/ /bʌt/
That /ðət/ /ðæt/
At / ət/ / æt/
From / frəm/ / frɒm/
Of / əv/ /ɒv/
To /tə/ /tu:/
For / fə/ / fɔ:/
2. Grammar Language Focus Unit 6 Lớp 12
Relative Clauses
(Mệnh đề quan hệ)
1. Defining relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)
- Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là mệnh đề dùng để xác định bổ sung cho danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa.
- Đại từ quan hệ được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
Subject:
For person: who/that
For things: which/that
Object:
For person: who(m)/that
For things: which/that
Possessive:
For things: whose/ of which
For person: whose
Ví dụ minh họa
The woman who/that lives next door is a doctor. (Người phụ nữ sống ở nhà bên là bác sĩ.)
The picture which/that was damaged is worth thousand of pounds. (Bức tranh bị hỏng trị giá hàng ngàn bảng Anh)
I know the name of the man whose car you borrowed yesterday.
- Lưu ý
Dùng "that" mà không dùng "who/which" sau những trường hợp:
hỗn hợp gồm cả người và vật
dạng so sánh nhất
các từ chỉ định lượng như: all, every(thing/one), some(thing/one), any(thing/one), only, little, few, much, none.
Ví dụ: She is one of the kindest people that I know./ We can see farmers and cattle that are going to the field.
- Có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ: whom, which, that và trạng từ when trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
Ví dụ: Paris is a city (which/that) I've always wanted to visit.
2. Non-defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)
- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định là mệnh đề không nhất thiết phải có trong câu, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Mệnh đề này được phân ranh giới với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy (,) hoặc dấu gạch ngang (-).
Đại từ quan hệ sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
Subject:
For person: who/that
For things: which/that
Object:
For person: who(m)/that
For things: which/that
Possessive:
For things: whose/ of which
For person: whose
Ví dụ minh họa
- Harry, who you will meet tomorrow, is also a member of the board. (Harry, người mà bạn sẽ gặp vào ngày mai, là một thành viên của hội đồng quản trị.)
- Bogart starred in the film Casablanca, which was made in 1942. (Bogart đóng vai chính trong phim Casablanca, phim được sản xuất năm 1942.)
- Dr Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. (Tiến sĩ Rowan, thư ký của ông đã thôi việc cách đây 2 tuần, phải tự đánh máy.)
- Lưu ý
Không dùng "that" để giới thiệu mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
Ví dụ: This is Mai, who sells the tickets. Not use "This is Mai, that sells the tickets."
Không được bỏ các đại từ hoặc trạng từ làm tân ngữ "whom, which, when" trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
3. Exercise Language Focus Unit 6 Lớp 12
3.1. Unit 6 Language Focus Exercise 1
Add who, whoever, whose, whom or which to complete the following sentences.
(Thêm who, whoever, whose, whom hoặc which để hoàn thành những câu sau)
- There is one person to………………I owe more than I can say.
- It was the kind of accident for……………..nobody was really to blame.
- ……………..leaves last should turn off the lights.
- Mary was late yesterday,………………was unusual for her.
- At 6.00 pm,……………….was an hour before the plane was due, thick fog descended.
- I don’t know………………told you that, but they were wrong.
- Mrs Brown was the first owner……………..dog won three prizes in the same show.
- I’ve just spoken to Sally,……………..sends you her love.
- On Sunday,……………….was my birthday, we went out for a meal.
- The success of a shared holidav depends on …………………… you share it with.
Guide to answer
1. whom
2. which
3. whoever
4. which
5. which
6. who
7. whose
8. who
9. which
10. whom
3.2. Unit 6 Language Focus Exercise 2
Join the following sentences in two ways.
(Kết hợp câu bằng 2 cách)
Example: Look at the man. He is teaching in the classroom.
--> Look at the man who is teaching in the classroom.
--> Look at the man teaching in the classroom.
Dựa vào ví dụ đã cho ở trên ta tóm gọn được 2 cách để kết hợp câu.
- Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ "who, which, that" để nối câu
- Sử dụng V-ing (đối với câu chủ động) và V-ed/III (đối với câu bị động)
- I read a book. It was written by a friend of mine. (Tôi đọc quyển sách. No được viết bởi một người bạn của tôi.)
- A man got on the bus. He was carrying a lot of money in a box. (Một người đàn ông lên xe buýt. Ông ta mang theo rất nhiều tiền trong túi)
- In the street there were several people. They were waiting for the shop to open. (Có vài người trên đường. Họ đang đợi cửa hàng mở cửa.)
- Britain imports many cars. They were made in Japan. (Anh quốc nhập khẩu nhiều xe hơi. Chúng được sản xuất từ Nhật Bản)
- There are a lot of people in your office. They want to talk to you. (Có rất nhiều người trong công ty bạn. Họ muốn nói chuyện với bạn)
- The cowboy fell off his horse. He had been wounded by an arrow. (Người chăn bò bị ngã từ trên ngựa. Anh ta đã bị thương bởi một mũi tên.)
- Most of the people recovered quickly. They were injured in the crash. (Hầu như mọi người đã phục hồi nhanh chóng. Họ bị thương trong vụ va chạm xe.)
- John looked anxiously at his watch. He wished he hadn’t come to the party. (John nhìn vào đồng hồ đầy vẻ lo lắng. Anh ấy ước rằng đã không đến buổi tiệc.)
- The children were playing football in the schoolyard. They were my students. (Những đứa trẻ đang chơi bóng ở sân trường. Chúng là học sinh của tôi)
- Vietnam exports a lot of rice. It is grown mainly in the south of the country. (Việt Nam xuất khẩu nhiều gạo. Nó được trồng ở miền Nam là chính.)
Guide to answer
1.
- I read a book that was written by a friend of mine.
- I read a book written by a friend of mine.
2.
- A man who was carrying a lot of money in a box got on the bus.
- A man carrying a lot of money in a box got on the bus.
3.
- In the street there were several people who were waiting for the shop to open.
- In the street, there were several people waiting for the shop to open.
4.
- Britain imports many cars which were made in Japan.
- British imports many cars made in Japan.
5.
- In your office there are a lot of people who want to talk to you.
- In your office there are a lot of people wanting to talk to you.
6.
- The cowboy who had been wounded by an arrow fell off his horse
- The cowboy wounded by an arrow fell of his horse.
7.
- Most of the people who were injured in the crash recovered quickly.
- Most of the people injured in the crash recovered quickly.
8.
- John, who wished he hadn’t come to the party, looked anxiously to his watch.
- John, wishing he hadn’t come to the party, looked anxiously to his watch.
9.
- The children who were plavina foootball in the schoolyard were my students.
- The children playing football in the schoolyard were my students.
10.
- Vietnam exports a lot of rice which is grown mainly in the south of the country.
- Vietnam exports a lot of rice grown mainly in the south of the country.
Unit 6 Exercise
Fill the blanks with Relative pronoun or Relative adverbs, put commas when they are needed
1. The book _________ I need can’t be found in the library
2. Here is the beach _________ is the safest for swimmers
3. Do you know the American woman _________ name is Margaret Mitchell?
4. Jim _________ I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends
5. That woman _________ name I don’t remember is a doctor
6. Children enjoy reading the books _________ have coloured pictures
7. The noise _________ he met woke everybody up
8. I know a place _________ roses grow in abundance
9. We must find a time _________ we can meet and a place _________ we can talk
10. The teacher with _________ we studied last year no longer teaches in our school
11. Mr. Brown _________ is only 34 is the director of this company
12. Let me see all the letters _________ you have written
13. Is there anyone _________ can help me do this?
14. Alexander Flemming _________ discovered penicillin received the Nodel Prize in 1945
15. We saw many soldiers and tanks _________ were moving to the front.
Key
1. The book which/that I need can’t be found in the library.
2. Here is the beach which/that is the safest for swimmers.
3. Do you know the American woman whose name is Margaret Mitchell?
4. Jim, whom I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends.
5. That woman, whose name I don’t remember is a doctor.
6. Children enjoy reading the books which/that have coloured pictures.
7. The noise which/that he met woke everybody up.
8. I know a place where roses grow in abundance.
9. We must find a time when we can meet and a place where we can talk.
10. The teacher with whom we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
11. Mr. Brown, who is only 34, is the director of this company.
12. Let me see all the letters which/that you have written.
13. Is there anyone that can help me do this?
14. Alexander Flemming, who discovered penicillin, received the Nodel Prize in 1945.
15. We saw many soldiers and tanks that were moving to the front.