Unit 5: Higher Education - Language Focus
1. Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 5 Lớp 12
Stress in words of more than three - syllable
(Trọng âm của từ hơn ba âm tiết)
- Quy tắc trọng âm của những từ có tiền tố (prefix):
Thông thường trọng âm chính không bị ảnh hưởng với tiền tố
Ví dụ: identified /ai'dentifaid/ --> unidentified /¸ʌnai´denti¸faid/
- Quy tắc trọng âm của những từ có hậu tố (suffix):
với -ade, -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette, -esque, -ique, trọng âm chính thường rơi vào âm tiết cuối (âm có chưa hậu tố).
Ví dụ: lemon /´lemən/ --> lemonade /lem.ən'eɪd/; interview /'intəvju:/ --> interviewee /¸intəvju:´i:/
- với -eous, -graphy, -ial/-ual, -ic, -ion, -ious, -ity, -ive, trọng âm chính thường rơi vào âm tiết cuối của từ gốc.
Ví dụ: advantage /əd'vɑ:ntidʤ/ --> advantageous /ædvən'teidʤəs/; photo /´foutou/ --> photography /'fəutəugrəfi/
- với -al, -ary, -iar, -ular, -ial, -ia, -iance, -cian, -eous, -ic, -ience/-ient/iency, -ious, -ium, -sion, -tion, -ual trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết ngay trước hậu tố.
Ví dụ: continent /'kɔntinənt/ --> continental /¸kɔnti´nentəl/; environment /in'vaiərənmənt/ --> environmental /in,vairən'mentl/
- với -able/-ably, -age, -al(ly), -en, -ful(ly), -ing(ly), -ish(ly), -like, -less(ly), -ly, -ment, -ness, -ous(ly), -er/-or/-ar, -fy, -wise, -y thường không làm thay đổi trọng âm chính của từ
Ví dụ: accomplish /ə'kɔmpliʃ/ --> accomplishment /ə'kɔmpliʃmənt/;
2. Grammar Language Focus Unit 5 Lớp 12
- Conditional Sentences (Câu điều kiện)
Type: Present simple : chỉ sự thật, quy luật hoặc thói quen
Type I: Real in the present/future (Có thật ở hiện tại/tương lai)
Main clause: will/can/should/may + bare infinitive
Type II: Unreal in the present (Không có thật ở hiện tại)
Main clause: would/could/might + bare infinitive
Type III: Unreal in the past (Không có thật ở quá khứ)
Main clause: would/could/might + have + past pasticiple (V-ed/III)
- Example
If the weather is fine, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.
If I were you, I wouldn't tell her a lie.
If I had studied hard, I coud have passed the exam.
- Lưu ý:
Các thì được nêu trong bảng là phần căn bản, ngoài ra có thể sử dụng thêm một số loại thì như: thì tiếp diễn, thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc "be going to" trong mệnh đề có chứa "if".
If you are waiting for a bus, you should join the queue.
If you have finished with the computer, I will put it away.
If I'm going to catch the train, I'll have to leave now.
- Nếu thời gian trong mệnh đề điều kiện (If- clause) và thời gian trong mệnh đề chính (Main clause) không giống nhau thì có thể kết hợp điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3.
If I had eaten breakfast this morning, I would not be hungry now.
If I had gone to bed early last night, I would not be tired now.
3. Exercise Language Focus Unit 5 Lớp 12
3.1. Unit 5 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 1
Complete the sentences using conditional sentence type I
(Hoàn thành những câu sau dùng câu điều kiện loại I)
- If you fail the GCSE examination,………………………………….................... (Nếu em rớt kì thì tốt nghiệp phổ thông,........)
- You won't be able to get into the examination room if………………………… (Em sẽ không thể vào phòng thi nếu............)
- If you don't send the application form on time,………………………............. (Nếu em không nộp đơn tuyển sinh đúng hạn,..........)
- If you don't have a reference letter,…………………………………................. (Nếu em không có thư giới thiệu,................)
- Unless you show your identity card,……………………………………................. (Nếu em không xuất trình chứng minh nhân dân,.......)
Guide to answer
- If you fail the GCSE examination, you will not be allowed to take the entrance examination to the university.
- You won't be able to get into the examination room if you are 10 minutes late.
- If you don't send the application form on time, you will not be able/allowed to take the entrance exam.
- If you don't have a reference letter, you won't be able/allowed to submit your application form.
- Unless you show your identify card, you won't be able/allowed to get into the examination room.
3.2. Unit 5 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 2
Express these situations using conditional sentence type II
(Hãy diễn tả các tình huống sau dùng câu điều kiện loại II)
- She doesn't have a car. She doesn't go out in the evening. --> If she had a car, she would go out in the evening.
- Sarah doesn't study hard. She hates school. --> …………………… (Sarah học hành không chăm chỉ, cô ấy ghét trường học)
- I can’t do the test. It is too difficult. --> ………………………………… (Tôi không thể làm bài thi. Nó quá khó)
- Peter doesn’t read a lot. He can’t find the time. --> ………………… (Peter không đọc sách nhiều. Anh ấy không có thời gian)
- I can’t translate this. I don’t speak Korean. --> ………………………… (Tôi không thể dịch được cái này. Tôi không nói tiếng Hàn Quốc)
- They don't travel far a lot. They are afraid of flying. --> ……………… (Họ không đi du lịch nhiều. Họ sợ đi máy bay)
Guide to answer
2. If she liked / loved school, she would study hard.
3. If the test weren’t too difficult, I could do it.
4. If Peter found the time/ had more time, he would read a lot.
5. If I knew how to speak Korean, I would translate this.
6. If they weren't afraid of flying, they would travel far a lot.
3.3. Unit 5 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 3
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
(Hoàn thành những câu sau với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc)
1. If John had passed the GCSE examination, he…………….(be) allowed to take the entrance examination to the university.
If John had passed the GCSE examination, he would have been allowed to take the entrance examination to the university.
2. If you had sent the application on time, they might……………. (call) you for an interview. I can’t understand why you didn’t.
3. If John…………….(install) an alarm, the thieves wouldn’t have broken into his house.
4. I ………………(make) a film with him if I had been a famous director, but I was not.
5. If you had told me earlier, I…………….(give) it to you.
6. We would have sent you a Christmas card if we...................(have) your address.
Guide to answer
2. If you had sent the application on time, they might have called you for an interview. I can’t understand why you didn’t.
3. If John had installed an alarm, the thieves wouldn’t have broken into his house.
4. I would have made (make) a film with him if I had been a famous director, but I was not.
5. If you had told me earlier, I would have given (give) it to you.
6. We would have sent you a Christmas card if we had had (have) your address.
Unit 5 Exercise 1
Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from that of the others.
- A. university
B. international
C. agricultural
D. philosophy - A. available
B. certificate
C. oppoturnity
D. tutorial - A. lecturer
B. identify
C. socially
D. calendar - A. tertiary
B. reference
C. insurance
D. thoroughly - A. considerable
B. engineering
C. economics
D. academic
Key
- A. uni'versity
B. inter'national
C. agri'cultural
D. phi'losophy - A. a'vailable
B. cer'tificate
C. oppo'turnity
D. tu'torial - A. 'lecturer
B. i'dentify
C. 'socially
D. 'calendar - A. 'tertiary
B. 'reference
C. in'surance
D. 'thoroughly - A. con'siderable
B. engi'neering
C. eco'nomics
D. aca'demic
Unit 5 Exercise 2
Choose the best answer
- I can’t understand what he sees in her! If anyone treats / will treat / treated me like that, I am / will be / would be extremely angry.
- If you help / helped me with this exercise, I will do / would do the same for you one day.
- According to the timetable, if the train leaves / left on time, we will / would arrive at 5.30.
- If it is / will be fine tomorrow, we go / will go to the coast.
- If we find / found a taxi, we will get / would get there before the play starts.
- It’s quite simple really. If you take / will take / took these tablets every day, then you lose / will lose / lost / would lose weight.
- I don’t like this flat. I think I will be / I am / I’d be happier if I lived / live / will live / would live in a house in the country.
- I can’t play football, but I’m sure that if I will do / do / did, I play / will play / would play a lot better than anyone in this awful team.
- I phone / will phone /am going to phone you tonight, are you / will you be / would you be in?
- Why didn’t you tell me? – If you told / had told me, I had /would have helped you.
Key
- I can’t understand what he sees in her! If anyone treats me like that, I will be extremely angry.
- If you help me with this exercise, I will do the same for you one day.
- According to the timetable, if the train leaves on time, we will arrive at 5.30.
- If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the coast.
- If we find a taxi, we will get there before the play starts.
- It’s quite simple really. If you take these tablets every day, then you will lose weight.
- I don’t like this flat. I think I’d be happier if I lived in a house in the country.
- I can’t play football, but I’m sure that if I did, I would play a lot better than anyone in this awful team.
- I am going to phone you tonight, will you be in?
- Why didn’t you tell me? – If you had told me, I would have helped you.
1. Pronunciation Language Focus Unit 5 Lớp 12
Stress in words of more than three - syllable
(Trọng âm của từ hơn ba âm tiết)
- Quy tắc trọng âm của những từ có tiền tố (prefix):
Thông thường trọng âm chính không bị ảnh hưởng với tiền tố
Ví dụ: identified /ai'dentifaid/ --> unidentified /¸ʌnai´denti¸faid/
- Quy tắc trọng âm của những từ có hậu tố (suffix):
với -ade, -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette, -esque, -ique, trọng âm chính thường rơi vào âm tiết cuối (âm có chưa hậu tố).
Ví dụ: lemon /´lemən/ --> lemonade /lem.ən'eɪd/; interview /'intəvju:/ --> interviewee /¸intəvju:´i:/
- với -eous, -graphy, -ial/-ual, -ic, -ion, -ious, -ity, -ive, trọng âm chính thường rơi vào âm tiết cuối của từ gốc.
Ví dụ: advantage /əd'vɑ:ntidʤ/ --> advantageous /ædvən'teidʤəs/; photo /´foutou/ --> photography /'fəutəugrəfi/
- với -al, -ary, -iar, -ular, -ial, -ia, -iance, -cian, -eous, -ic, -ience/-ient/iency, -ious, -ium, -sion, -tion, -ual trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết ngay trước hậu tố.
Ví dụ: continent /'kɔntinənt/ --> continental /¸kɔnti´nentəl/; environment /in'vaiərənmənt/ --> environmental /in,vairən'mentl/
- với -able/-ably, -age, -al(ly), -en, -ful(ly), -ing(ly), -ish(ly), -like, -less(ly), -ly, -ment, -ness, -ous(ly), -er/-or/-ar, -fy, -wise, -y thường không làm thay đổi trọng âm chính của từ
Ví dụ: accomplish /ə'kɔmpliʃ/ --> accomplishment /ə'kɔmpliʃmənt/;
2. Grammar Language Focus Unit 5 Lớp 12
- Conditional Sentences (Câu điều kiện)
Type: Present simple : chỉ sự thật, quy luật hoặc thói quen
Type I: Real in the present/future (Có thật ở hiện tại/tương lai)
Main clause: will/can/should/may + bare infinitive
Type II: Unreal in the present (Không có thật ở hiện tại)
Main clause: would/could/might + bare infinitive
Type III: Unreal in the past (Không có thật ở quá khứ)
Main clause: would/could/might + have + past pasticiple (V-ed/III)
- Example
If the weather is fine, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.
If I were you, I wouldn't tell her a lie.
If I had studied hard, I coud have passed the exam.
- Lưu ý:
Các thì được nêu trong bảng là phần căn bản, ngoài ra có thể sử dụng thêm một số loại thì như: thì tiếp diễn, thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc "be going to" trong mệnh đề có chứa "if".
If you are waiting for a bus, you should join the queue.
If you have finished with the computer, I will put it away.
If I'm going to catch the train, I'll have to leave now.
- Nếu thời gian trong mệnh đề điều kiện (If- clause) và thời gian trong mệnh đề chính (Main clause) không giống nhau thì có thể kết hợp điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3.
If I had eaten breakfast this morning, I would not be hungry now.
If I had gone to bed early last night, I would not be tired now.
3. Exercise Language Focus Unit 5 Lớp 12
3.1. Unit 5 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 1
Complete the sentences using conditional sentence type I
(Hoàn thành những câu sau dùng câu điều kiện loại I)
- If you fail the GCSE examination,………………………………….................... (Nếu em rớt kì thì tốt nghiệp phổ thông,........)
- You won't be able to get into the examination room if………………………… (Em sẽ không thể vào phòng thi nếu............)
- If you don't send the application form on time,………………………............. (Nếu em không nộp đơn tuyển sinh đúng hạn,..........)
- If you don't have a reference letter,…………………………………................. (Nếu em không có thư giới thiệu,................)
- Unless you show your identity card,……………………………………................. (Nếu em không xuất trình chứng minh nhân dân,.......)
Guide to answer
- If you fail the GCSE examination, you will not be allowed to take the entrance examination to the university.
- You won't be able to get into the examination room if you are 10 minutes late.
- If you don't send the application form on time, you will not be able/allowed to take the entrance exam.
- If you don't have a reference letter, you won't be able/allowed to submit your application form.
- Unless you show your identify card, you won't be able/allowed to get into the examination room.
3.2. Unit 5 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 2
Express these situations using conditional sentence type II
(Hãy diễn tả các tình huống sau dùng câu điều kiện loại II)
- She doesn't have a car. She doesn't go out in the evening. --> If she had a car, she would go out in the evening.
- Sarah doesn't study hard. She hates school. --> …………………… (Sarah học hành không chăm chỉ, cô ấy ghét trường học)
- I can’t do the test. It is too difficult. --> ………………………………… (Tôi không thể làm bài thi. Nó quá khó)
- Peter doesn’t read a lot. He can’t find the time. --> ………………… (Peter không đọc sách nhiều. Anh ấy không có thời gian)
- I can’t translate this. I don’t speak Korean. --> ………………………… (Tôi không thể dịch được cái này. Tôi không nói tiếng Hàn Quốc)
- They don't travel far a lot. They are afraid of flying. --> ……………… (Họ không đi du lịch nhiều. Họ sợ đi máy bay)
Guide to answer
2. If she liked / loved school, she would study hard.
3. If the test weren’t too difficult, I could do it.
4. If Peter found the time/ had more time, he would read a lot.
5. If I knew how to speak Korean, I would translate this.
6. If they weren't afraid of flying, they would travel far a lot.
3.3. Unit 5 Lớp 12 Language Focus Exercise 3
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
(Hoàn thành những câu sau với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc)
1. If John had passed the GCSE examination, he…………….(be) allowed to take the entrance examination to the university.
If John had passed the GCSE examination, he would have been allowed to take the entrance examination to the university.
2. If you had sent the application on time, they might……………. (call) you for an interview. I can’t understand why you didn’t.
3. If John…………….(install) an alarm, the thieves wouldn’t have broken into his house.
4. I ………………(make) a film with him if I had been a famous director, but I was not.
5. If you had told me earlier, I…………….(give) it to you.
6. We would have sent you a Christmas card if we...................(have) your address.
Guide to answer
2. If you had sent the application on time, they might have called you for an interview. I can’t understand why you didn’t.
3. If John had installed an alarm, the thieves wouldn’t have broken into his house.
4. I would have made (make) a film with him if I had been a famous director, but I was not.
5. If you had told me earlier, I would have given (give) it to you.
6. We would have sent you a Christmas card if we had had (have) your address.
Unit 5 Exercise 1
Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from that of the others.
- A. university
B. international
C. agricultural
D. philosophy - A. available
B. certificate
C. oppoturnity
D. tutorial - A. lecturer
B. identify
C. socially
D. calendar - A. tertiary
B. reference
C. insurance
D. thoroughly - A. considerable
B. engineering
C. economics
D. academic
Key
- A. uni'versity
B. inter'national
C. agri'cultural
D. phi'losophy - A. a'vailable
B. cer'tificate
C. oppo'turnity
D. tu'torial - A. 'lecturer
B. i'dentify
C. 'socially
D. 'calendar - A. 'tertiary
B. 'reference
C. in'surance
D. 'thoroughly - A. con'siderable
B. engi'neering
C. eco'nomics
D. aca'demic
Unit 5 Exercise 2
Choose the best answer
- I can’t understand what he sees in her! If anyone treats / will treat / treated me like that, I am / will be / would be extremely angry.
- If you help / helped me with this exercise, I will do / would do the same for you one day.
- According to the timetable, if the train leaves / left on time, we will / would arrive at 5.30.
- If it is / will be fine tomorrow, we go / will go to the coast.
- If we find / found a taxi, we will get / would get there before the play starts.
- It’s quite simple really. If you take / will take / took these tablets every day, then you lose / will lose / lost / would lose weight.
- I don’t like this flat. I think I will be / I am / I’d be happier if I lived / live / will live / would live in a house in the country.
- I can’t play football, but I’m sure that if I will do / do / did, I play / will play / would play a lot better than anyone in this awful team.
- I phone / will phone /am going to phone you tonight, are you / will you be / would you be in?
- Why didn’t you tell me? – If you told / had told me, I had /would have helped you.
Key
- I can’t understand what he sees in her! If anyone treats me like that, I will be extremely angry.
- If you help me with this exercise, I will do the same for you one day.
- According to the timetable, if the train leaves on time, we will arrive at 5.30.
- If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the coast.
- If we find a taxi, we will get there before the play starts.
- It’s quite simple really. If you take these tablets every day, then you will lose weight.
- I don’t like this flat. I think I’d be happier if I lived in a house in the country.
- I can’t play football, but I’m sure that if I did, I would play a lot better than anyone in this awful team.
- I am going to phone you tonight, will you be in?
- Why didn’t you tell me? – If you had told me, I would have helped you.